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Defence AI news and programme updates

Defence AI news, command-and-control milestones and NATO DIANA programme progress from the team building SynapseCommand.

Military commanders and staff coordinating in a modern command centre beneath the headline What Is Command and Control (C2)? Military C2 Explained.
Military C2 Explained

What Is Command and Control (C2)? Military C2 Explained

Command and control, usually abbreviated C2, is how a military commander exercises authority and direction over assigned and attached forces to accomplish a mission. This guide explains what C2 means, what supports it, how command relationships and information quality shape it, and how NATO and U.S. Army approaches relate.

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Conceptual illustration of hybrid threats including military pressure, cyber operations, disinformation, economic coercion and critical infrastructure
Analysis

What Are Hybrid Threats? Cyber, Disinformation, Sabotage and Coercion Explained

Hybrid threats are coordinated harmful activities carried out with malign intent to undermine a target such as a state or institution through a variety, and often a combination, of means. They can include cyber operations, information manipulation, sabotage, economic coercion, covert political activity and military pressure. Hybrid campaigns often exploit vulnerabilities, ambiguity and difficulties of detection and attribution, frequently while operating below the threshold of open armed conflict.

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Military Common Operational Picture showing air, land, maritime, space, cyber and information domains in a command centre
Analysis

What Is a Common Operational Picture (COP)? Military C2 Explained

A Common Operational Picture, or COP, is a shared and dynamic representation of operational information that can be tailored to support situational awareness, collaborative planning and decision-making. In military command and control, a COP brings relevant information from multiple sources into a shared, mission-focused picture. It is not simply a digital map, and it is not necessarily a single software application.

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ABMS, Project Convergence and Project Overmatch shown across air, land, sea, space and cyber domains in a conceptual CJADC2 command centre
Analysis

ABMS vs Project Convergence vs Project Overmatch: How They Fit Into CJADC2

ABMS, Project Convergence and Project Overmatch are three major U.S. military efforts commonly associated with Combined Joint All-Domain Command and Control, or CJADC2, but they are not three equivalent programmes. In 2026, the Department of the Air Force identifies the DAF Battle Network as its contribution to CJADC2, with ABMS funding a subset of its capabilities. Project Convergence is the Army's major experimentation campaign, while Project Overmatch develops and delivers the Navy's Naval Operational Architecture for distributed maritime operations.

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Multinational military planning team conducting a NATO operational planning process around maps and digital command displays
Analysis

What Is the NATO Operational Planning Process (OPP)?

The NATO Operational Planning Process, usually shortened to OPP, is the structured method used by NATO commanders and staffs to turn strategic direction into operational plans. This guide explains the planning logic, mission analysis, course of action development and comparison, plan production, and how AJP-5, COPD and TOPFAS relate to the process.

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NATO Standardization Agreement document shown with allied military systems and coalition interoperability links
Analysis

What Is a NATO STANAG? Standardization Agreements Explained

A NATO Standardization Agreement, commonly called a STANAG, records an agreement among member nations to implement a standard in order to meet an interoperability requirement. This guide explains what a STANAG is, how ratification and implementation work, and how STANAGs relate to Allied Publications.

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NATO multi-domain operations concept showing air, land, maritime, cyberspace and space connected to a joint command centre
Analysis

What Is Multi-Domain Operations (MDO)? NATO MDO Explained

Multi-Domain Operations, usually shortened to MDO, is NATO's approach to orchestrating military activity across all operational domains and synchronising it with relevant non-military activity. This guide explains the five operational domains, what converging effects means, how MDO differs from joint operations and why interoperability matters.

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